cost minimization model for reducing carbon footprints from different transportation modes

recovery of used products is receiving much attention recently due to growing environmental concerns.in this paper, we address the carbon footprint basedon problem arising in closed-loop supply chain where returned products are collected from customers. these returned products can either be disposed or be remanufactured to be sold as new ones again. here, we formulate a comprehensive closed-loop model for the logistics planning considering profitability and ecological goals. in this way, we can achieve the ecological goalreducing the overall amount of co2.moreover, the profitability criterion can be supported in the cyclic network with the minimum costs and maximum service level. to validate the model a numerical experiment is worked out.